Pompey bc — ad Roman general and statesman. Cornelia c. Augustus 63—14 bc. See all related overviews in Oxford Reference ». Younger son of Pompey and Mucia Tertia, was born probably c. Left in Lesbos with his stepmother Cornelia during the campaign of Pharsalus 48 , he accompanied his father to Egypt and after his murder went to Africa; after Thapsus 46 he joined his brother Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus in Spain, and during the campaign of Munda 45 commanded the garrison of Corduba.
Subsequently he contrived to raise an army, partly of fugitive Pompeians, and won successes against Julius Caesar's governors in Further Spain, Gaius Carrinas, who was suffect consul in 43, and after him C.
Asinius Pollio. In summer 44 Lepidus arranged a settlement between him and the senate, under the terms of which he left Spain; but instead of returning to Rome, he waited on events in Massalia with his army and fleet. He repelled an attack by Octavian's general Quintus Salvidienus Rufus in 42, supported Antony against Octavian in 40 when his lieutenant Menodorus occupied Sardinia and in 30 concluded the Pact of Misenum with the triumvirs Antony, Octavian later Augustus , and Lepidus, who conceded to him the governorship of Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica, and Achaia, an augurate member of the college of official Roman diviners and a future consulship see ILLRP in return for the suspension of his blockade.
In 38 Octavian accused him of breaking the pact and again attacked him, but was defeated in sea fights off Cumae and Messana. In 36 the attack was renewed, and after Agrippa's victory off Mylae, Octavian's defeat off Tauromenium, and Lepidus' occupation of southern and western Sicily, the war was decided by the battle of Naulochus 3 September.
Sextus escaped with a few ships to Asia, where he attempted to establish himself, but was forced to surrender to Marcus Titius, who put him to death. Sextus was, like his father, an able and energetic commander. His brief career was spent entirely in the continuation—symbolized by his adoption of the surname Pius he gives his name as Magnus Pompeius Magni f.
Despite his long absence from and blockade of Italy, he seems to have been popular in Rome. His wife was Scribonia, daughter of Lucius Scribonius Libo. Subjects: Classical studies. View all related items in Oxford Reference ». AR Denarius 3. Massilia Gaul mint. Nasidius, moneyer. Gnaeus Pompeius was executed, but young Sextus escaped once more, this time to Sicily.
This incident did not lead to a return to normality, but provoked yet another civil war between Caesar's political heirs and his assassins. The Second Triumvirate was formed by Octavian , Mark Antony and Lepidus , with the intention of avenging Caesar and subduing all opposition.
Sextus Pompeius in Sicily was certainly a rebellious man, but the Cassius and Brutus faction was the second triumvirate's first priority. Thus, with the whole island as his base, Sextus had the time and resources to develop an army and, even more importantly, a strong navy operated by Sicilian marines.
Brutus and Cassius lost the twin battles of Philippi and committed suicide in 42 BC. After this, the triumvirs turned their attentions to Sicily and Sextus. A Sextus Pompeius denarius, minted for his victory over Octavian 's fleet. On the obverse is the Pharus of Messina, on the reverse the monster Scylla. But by this time, Sextus was prepared for strong resistance. In the following years, military confrontations failed to return a conclusive victory for either side, although in 40 BC Sextus' admiral, the freedman Menas , seized Sardinia from Octavian's governor Marcus Lurius.
The reason for this peace treaty was the anticipated campaign against the Parthian Empire. Antony, the leader, needed all the legions he could get so it was useful to secure an armistice on the Sicilian front. The peace did not last for long. Octavian and Antony's frequent quarrels were a strong political motivation for resuming the war against Sextus. But Octavian had Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa , a very talented general, on his side. In addition, the third triumvir, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus , raised 14 legions in his African provinces to help defeat Pompey.
Only a month afterwards, Agrippa destroyed Sextus' navy off Naulochus cape. His violent death would be one of the weapons used by Octavian against Antony several years later, when the situation between the two reached a boiling point.
Sextus had married Scribonia, a distant relative of his.
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