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Drawing on his occasional encounter with Australian visitors to Bukhara, he said: "We're like Australians: we're a bit open, and I feel good about the future. Uzbeks are, in fact, used to constant disappointment. They live in a region riven by conflicts like the interminable war in neighbouring Afghanistan , and five years of civil war in neighbouring Turkmenistan, not to mention intimidation from their former Russian masters, plus the challenge of juggling ties between Moscow and Beijing.
But the tentative but widely shared optimism among Uzbeks is based on a country of moderate, even nominal, Muslims — 'Muslim lite' is a popular term here — going back to its year-old roots and acting as a political, cultural and economic entrepot between Europe and Asia. But it was also one where brilliant spring sunshine descended on Central Asia after a torrid, freezing winter, and the Uzbekistan government opened up further following decades of repression.
Young Uzbek street vendors in Bukhara. Said one Uzbek man: "We're like Australians: we're a bit open, and I feel good about the future. The region is the cockpit of the world, one where the great religions — Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Judaism and Hinduism — have clashed, but also, occasionally, lived in peace side by side. Ethnically, a similar process has been at work. Persians, various Turkic tribes, Mongols, Chinese, Arabs and Russians have not just fought and conquered one another, and then back again, but they have also miscegenated in countless combinations, giving the region its elusive, yet distinctive flavour of a people who are the human link between East and West.
They are Eurasian. The local Turkmen, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Kazakhs and other smaller groups are, like many of the coffees you buy in supermarkets, blends. The region has an elusive yet distinctive flavour of a people who are the human link between East and West. This religious and ethnic blending may help Uzbekistan as China plunges into its trillion-dollar Belt and Road plan. Some still do. The Uzbeks and Tajiks have a history of being more settled people while Kyrgyz and Kazakhs were nomadic horsemen and herdsmen.
Large numbers of Uzbeks and Tajiks live in Afghanistan. There is some degree of ethnic tension between Uzbeks and the minority ethnic groups of Uzbekistan. Many ethnic Russians, who live mostly live in Tashkent and the cities, have resenting being relegated to second-class citizens since Uzbekistan achieved independence in Violence between Uzbeks and Kyrgyz in the Fergana Valley has left hundreds dead.
Most of the Jews that lived in Bukhara and other places have gone. Uzbeks are the largest Turkic group outside Turkey and were the third largest ethnic group in the Soviet Union. Uzbeks are of Mongolian, Turkish and mixed Asian origin. They are descendants of Turkic tribes of the Mongol Golden Horde who settled in Central Asia in the 15th and 16th century.
In the 16th century Uzbek khans conquered much of what is now Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and southern Kazakhstan. According to britannica. The Uzbeks speak either of two dialects of Uzbek, a Turkic language of the Altaic family of languages. More than 16 million Uzbeks live in Uzbekistan, 2,, in Afghanistan, 1,, in Tajikistan, , in Kyrgyzstan, and smaller numbers in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Sinkiang in China. The Uzbeks grew out of a mingling of ancient, settled Iranian populations with a variety of nomadic Mongol or Turkic tribes that invaded the region between the 11th and the 15th century.
The former were ethnically similar to the Tajiks, and the latter included Kipchaks, Karluks, and Turks of Samarkand relatively more Mongolized groups. A third element was added with the invasion of Mongol nomadic tribes under the leadership of Muhammad Shaybani Khan in the early 16th century. The Uzbeks, especially the urban Uzbeks, are considered to be the most religious Muslims of Central Asia; early marriages for young girls, bride-price, and religious marriages and burials are among the traditions still practiced.
The Uzbeks are the least Russified of those Turkic peoples formerly ruled by the Soviet Union, and virtually all still claim Uzbek as their first language. Like any other nomadic polity, it was bedevilled by the absence of legitimacy and clear rules of succession, and the central political authority remained viable only as long as it could wage successful wars, which provided clan aristocracy with plunder and status.
This was the last large-scale influx of nomads into Turkestan. Afterwards, a distinctive demographic pattern emerged in what now is Tajikistan: mountainous regions were inhabited almost exclusively by the Tajiks; the broad river valleys and steppes were dominated by the Kipchak Uzbeks; while the expansive transitional areas between the two ethnic and geographic zones were characterised by a mixture of the indigenous sedentary population Tajik and Turkic and semi-nomadic Uzbeks.
In such circumstances the demise of the state of the nomadic Uzbeks was inevitable, but permanent warfare against the Safavids put it off until the mid s. The Khans tried to find alternative means to create unity amongst the clans and sponsored Sufi orders, especially Naqshbandiya, to this end. This policy backfired, however, for the dervish brotherhoods failed to engender strong bonds in the society, and at the same time these orders became substantial economic and political forces themselves, due to lavish endowments made by the rulers.
The dervish orders became the leading institution in state, society and culture. Even the rise of relatively centralised states—the khanates of Bukhara and Khiva and later Kokand—could not reverse the trend.
The history of the principality of Uroteppa is illustrative of this process. They have traditionally been regarded as nomads who settled down while their rivals the Kazakhs were regarded as nomads who didn't settle down. According to to britannica. In the 15th century, a number of Uzbeks moved to the Chuhe River valley, where they were called Kazakhs. Those who remained in the area of the Khanate continued to be known as Uzbeks, who later formed the Uzbek alliance.
Modern Uzbeks represents varying degrees of diversity derived from fact that many ethnic groups traveled through Central Asia and had varying impacts on the region. Originally populated by Iranian tribes and other Indo-European peoples, Central Asia experienced numerous invasions and intrusions emanating out of Mongolia, the Altai region and Eurasian steppe. Genetic studies show that the Uzbek population has substantial Asian and Indo-European ancestry.
The Uzbeks display a somewhat closer genetic relationship with Turkic-Mongols than with Iranic populations to the south and west. According University of Chicago study on genetic genealogy of Central Asia ethnic groups, the Uzbeks cluster somewhere between the Mongols and the Iranian peoples: From the 3d century B. High levels of haplogroup 10 and its derivative, haplogroup 36, are found in most of the Altaic-speaking populations and are a good indicator of the genetic impact of these nomadic groups.
In these western regions, however, the genetic contribution is low or undetectable Wells et al. Sizning ismingiz nima? Mening ismim Ahmad. Yaxshi, rahmat. Hojatxona qayerda? Katta rahmat. Uzbek is spoken as a first or second language by 25 million people throughout Central Asian, most notably in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan.
A member of the Turkic language family, Uzbek shares many structural similarities to languages such as Azerbaijan, Kazakh, and Kyrgyz, Tartar, and Turkish. But it is most closely related to Uyghur. Uzbeks are the largest ethnic group among the post-Soviet Central Asian Republics. Uzbekistan has a population of 30 million, and Uzbeks form substantial minorities in the other four neighboring republics.
Modern Standard Uzbek is the best foundation for learning Chaghatay Turkic, the language of worldfamous poets like Navoi and the Babur nameh, the most revealing autobiography penned in the premodern Islamic world. Modern Uzbek is written using Latin script, so there is no new writing system to learn and no new fonts to download for typing! Plus Uzbek grammar is very consistent.
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